Parrot DNA shows animal trade networks existed hundreds of years ago

Ancient parrot DNA has revealed "sophisticated" long-distance animal trade networks existed hundreds of years ago.

Analysis of the genetic material shows colorful Amazonian parrots were transported alive across the Andes to coastal Peru centuries before the Inca Empire flourished, say scientists.

The trade network spanned hundreds of miles through rainforests, highlands and deserts, according to the study published in the journal Nature Communications.

An international research team analyzed parrot feathers that were discovered at Pachacamac in Peru - one of the major religious centers for the Andean civilization – far outside the birds' native rainforest range.

Experts say parrots were prized for their vibrant feathers, which held deep cultural value in pre-Hispanic societies and were often used in ritual and high-status burial ceremonies.

By analyzing the chemical signatures contained in the feathers, the research team discovered that the birds' diets shifted to C4 plants - such as maize - and marine protein, showing they were kept alive after crossing the Andes.

Dr. Olah said: "Our analysis reveals the parrots were fed the same nitrogen-enriched diet consumed by their captors – a clear sign of prolonged care after their removal from the rainforest."

Landscape modeling further identified likely trans-Andean corridors and river routes used to transport the birds, revealing sophisticated overland and river exchange networks.

Dr. Olah added: "This discovery challenges long-held assumptions that pre-Inca societies were isolated or fragmented.

"Instead, we see evidence of organized exchange, ecological knowledge and logistical planning that connected vastly different environments long before imperial roads formalized these connections."

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This story was originally published March 10, 2026 at 11:14 AM.