In May, federal officials quietly leased a huge cattle complex in Waterloo, Iowa. Soon citizens were speculating about what might possibly be coming to the National Cattle Congress fairgrounds. A simulation exercise for federal officials to practice responding to an incident of mass terrorism?
Soon it was learned that the acreage was to be used as a giant holding facility. The stock would be human. On May 12, federal agents raided the Agriprocessors kosher meatpacking plant in the tiny nearby town of Postville, hauling in 390 immigrant workers, the majority from Guatemala. Most were accused of working illegally in the United States.
Postville, federal officials boasted, is the largest immigration raid in history — so far.
Clearly, such “operations” (as the raids are known in fedspeak) have increased astronomically. Federal workplace arrests of immigrants have increased tenfold in five years, with virtually no portion of the country left untouched.
For the “deport em all” crowd, this is no doubt cause for joyous applause.
For those prone to deeper thinking, an obvious question presents itself: Are the raids really affecting the problem of illegal immigration?
Clues to the answer can be found in towns such as Greeley, Colo. A plant there owned by Swift Co. was part of a six-state operation against that firm that netted nearly 1,300 immigrants in December 2006. As a result of the raid, Swift claims, the Greeley plant lost $30 million worth of productivity. The plant was sold to a Brazilian firm and is still in operation, but reportedly has had trouble filling shifts.
People in Greeley say many of the illegal immigrants have simply returned or been replaced by newer, also illegal workers. Others report that the raid created an anti-Latino mood, causing some legally resident Latinos to leave town, lest they be targeted, too.
And there is a new influx to Greeley: hundreds of Somali refugees, who are legally allowed to live and work in the United States. The same situation is playing out in Grand Island, Neb., also the scene of a 2006 Swift raid. Hundreds of Somalis, many from Minnesota, are arriving to take the jobs once held by the Latino immigrants. But officials there also do not believe the illegal or legal Latino population has changed much.
Some argue that undocumented Latinos are taking jobs that could be filled by native-born workers. In the case of slaughterhouses — where wages start at $12 an hour — this seems not to be true. If it were, why are they now being filled by Somalis, who have crossed the world, and then the nation, to resettle in mid-sized American cities?
Somalis and other refugees are hardly the answer to this nation’s low-wage labor needs, however one may feel about their appearance in Greeley and Grand Island. Those needs can only be solved by Congress — which, by failing to alter immigration laws so that Latino immigrant workers could arrive and be hired legally, laid the path for these federal raids.
The real quarry of these raids, to hear federal officials tell it, are the employers who hire undocumented immigrants. And a few have been ensnared. But cases against them are far more difficult to build and prosecute. According to immigration officials, “Developing sufficient evidence against employers requires complex, white-collar crime investigations that can take years to bear fruit.” Meanwhile, the ones who suffer — in addition to the poor immigrants and their families — are the communities.
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